[المنتصر]

CORPS TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS

a. Movements management.

The CMCC implements the corps movement program. It will allocate corps transportation assets according to the priorities established in the corps movement program. The program will be developed based on known movement requirements by class and type of supply required in the corps area. The MCC will consolidate and tabulate requirements by class of supply, tonnage, and movement program line number. It will match requirements to transport capabilities and the mode selected.

The MCC receives requests for priority nonprogrammed movement requirements. It verifies the requirements with the origin MCT. If necessary, the MCC may make adjustments to the corps movement program. The MCC directs the origin MCT to coordinate with the destination MCT to confirm receiving capabilities and to obtain a transportation movement release. The destination MCT coordinates with the shipping unit to ensure the movement is completed by the required delivery date.

The COSCOM ACofS, Support Operations, Transportation Branch, chief validates competing priorities. Transportation priorities are based on the Uniform Materiel Movement and Issue Priority System (UMMIPS). MCTs ensure that the transportation priority is correct. If necessary, MCOs identify programmed movements that can be delayed and recommend relocating transportation support assets.

When possible, alternative modes and other assets within the corps area will be used. If not available, the MCC requests assistance from the theater army movement control agency (TAMCA). When requirements exceed transportation capabilities, supply and transportation priorities will be combined to provide the basis for allocating transport assets.

The MCC coordinates highway use for all movements originating in, terminating in, or transiting the corps area. It coordinates movements coming into and leaving the corps with the DTO and the TAMCA. The MCC also coordinates with movement officers at all levels to ensure the receiving and unloading capabilities of supported units in the division and corps areas are not exceeded and that visibility of cargo in transit is provided.

The CMCC will coordinate circulation and security missions with the MP brigade. The MP brigade ensures that authorized traffic moves smoothly, quickly, and with little interference along the MSR. It routes traffic to meet changes in the situation, enforces MSR regulations, and reconnoiters MSRs.

MCTs process requests for programmed or nonprogrammed movement and convoy clearance requests to the MCC's highway traffic HQ. That HQ notifies the origin MCT of the movement credit and number. The MCTs then forward the convoy clearance to the requesting unit. MCTs also forward requests exceeding mode capability to the MCC. After the transportation mode has been selected, MCTs issue a transportation movement release number and instructions to the shipping unit concerning shipping and handling. They also ensure that shipping units consolidate partial load shipments where practical.

As necessary, MCTs expedite handling frustrated cargo due to missing or improper s, improper packaging, or mixing noncompatible hazardous material. Requests for follow-up, shipment status, or tracing will be submitted to the MCT that originally scheduled the shipment. The requesting unit must provide the shipment's transportation control number. To ensure effective use of transportation assets, MCTs coordinate the arrival and spotting of transportation assets to be as close together as possible. They will forward reports of movement status on cargo shipping actions (cargo held, diverted, reconsigned, transferred, traced, or expedited cargo) to the MCC.

MCTs will also maintain an inventory of containers and submit the status of containers arriving and departing within their AOR to the MCC. They coordinate with mode operators to ensure that assets arrive at the required time and check with the shipping unit to ensure prompt transportation assets. If required, MCTs arrange sensitive cargo movement.

If the mode is by air, MCTs will coordinate the cargo transfer from an aircraft to surface modes. As required, they will designate temporary storage sites for cargo requiring breakbulk. Destination MCTs will coordinate with receiving units to ensure the availability of transportation assets is not reduced due to unloading delays. As necessary, they will spot-check unloading procedures.

MRTs coordinate authorized traffic movement. They report to the MCC on vehicle and convoy movement along routes. They also report disruptions in traffic flow due to vehicle breakdown, road conditions, or enemy action. As necessary, they adjust movement schedules and change truck or convoy routing. They then notify convoys of changes in routing and rate of march. MRTs also provide convoy commanders the latest intelligence on route conditions, possible threat action, and air or artillery support availability.

(a) Traffic circulation planning. This plan graphically portrays the road network and how it is to be used and maintained.

The plan normally includes restrictive route features; route designations; direction of movement; and locations of boundaries, units, highway regulating points, traffic control points, and major supply or shipping activities.

(b) Traffic routing. Traffic is routed over designated routes to balance the vehicle and route characteristics (road surfaces, curves, and bridge capacities) and to reduce traffic congestion or conflicts.

c) Traffic scheduling. Traffic scheduling is coordinating times for movement along specified routes to satisfy command movement priorities; minimize delays, conflicts, and congestion; and promote security and passive defense.

b. Mode and terminal operations.

COSCOM transportation forms the critical link in the theater distribution system. The actual organization depends on forecasted work load and units available in the force structure. A transportation group HQ is required when three or more transportation battalions are included in the force structure

The transportation organization is structured to move cargo, equipment, and personnel by various modes of transport and provides transport resources in support of campaigns and major operations. It needs to move maneuver units on the battlefield as well as reposition the corps support structure. HNS can help offset shortfalls in US transportation units

Motor transportation units consist of a variable number of truck companies and cargo transfer companies. The COSCOM commander attaches them to his subordinate CSGs or transportation group for allocation/reallocation to CSBs and transportation battalions. FM 55-30 describes truck unit operations

The transportation battalion attached to the rear CSG provides direct as well as general support to corps nondivision units and reinforcing support to assigned divisions. It also provides throughput distribution as far forward as the BSA. When employed to support an independent corps operation, the battalion may need to operate the transportation service from the waterline to forward areas of combat. This situation requires that the troop list include terminal and rail units from an EAC rail or terminal battalion

Light-medium truck companies move general cargo in support of the corps. They primarily operate to support the COSCOM's internal needs in the corps rear

Medium truck companies are allocated to CSBs or transportation battalions. They haul containerized and breakbulk ammunition and general cargo within the corps rear area and to supply points located in the DSA/BSA

Heavy truck companies move heavy or outsized cargo and vehicles such as tanks, howitzers, and personnel carriers. HETs support operational and tactical mobility. HETs move heavy armored forces from a port of debarkation (POD) to an initial assembly area in the corps rear area. HETs also move heavy armored forces with slice elements from corps or division areas as far forward as mission, enemy, terrain, troops, and time available (METT-T) factors will permit. Using HETs to move heavy armored forces reduces fuel requirements en route. It also reduces the maintenance work load due to fewer system breakdowns en route. Weapon systems are functional and crews are rested and prepared to fight. HETs may also support evacuation and weapon system replacement operations (WSRO). When HETs perform a battlefield evacuation role, they move as far forward as the most forward collection point operated by the maintenance company in the brigade area. Due to the low density of these assets, the HET company is not normally placed in a DS role

Cargo transfer companies transship cargo at air, rail, motor, and inland barge terminals. This includes unloading, segregating, temporarily holding, and loading cargo whenever a change in mode occurs

Trailer transfer point teams (TOE 55540LE00) are attached to the transportation battalion. They receive, segregate, assemble, and dispatch loaded or empty semitrailers for onward movement IAW CMCC-directed priorities. They also provide emergency refueling and minor repairs for arriving vehicles

Depending on the theater, a US terminal transfer cellular logistics team (CLT) (TOE 55510LA00) could be allocated. This CLT provides liaison and serves as the interface in joint terminal transfer operations with HNS terminal transfer units. Based on the mission of HNS terminal transfer units, the CLT may operate at a railhead, airhead, seaport, inland waterway port, or depot. Though assigned to the COSCOM and attached to a CSG, the team collocates with the HNS transportation battalion and terminal transfer units. The HQ section collocates with the HNS transportation battalion HQ, serving as the HNS battalion logistic operations section. The two company sections collocate with HN terminal transfer companies. They serve as a portion of the terminal transfer company's operations section. CLT personnel

Provide operational mission coordination (taskings) to the HNS transportation battalion

Consolidate and forward transportation management reports from HN units to the CMCC

Coordinate mission taskings between the CMCC and HN terminal transfer units

Maintain visibility of intransit US shipments and supplies, providing status reports through US channels/organizations

Divert cargo when the CMCC directs

Assist HN personnel in preparing US

Provide technical guidance for loading US cargo on HN equipment

An MCT passes taskings for transportation and terminal transfer support via an HN liaison officer (LO) team collocated with the MCT. The CLT headquarters section receives the terminal transfer tasking order with assigned transportation movement release number and relays the tasking information to the wartime host nation support (WHNS) transportation battalion S3. The WHNS terminal transfer company operations section tasks transfer platoons with the mission and provides cargo information. The CLT company sections assist with cargo ********ation. Based on input from the MCT/CMCC, the CLT may alter transportation movement priority of shipments

DIVISION TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS

The DISCOM's principal transportation asset is the MSB TMT company. Its mission is to provide truck transportation to distribute supplies and to move heavy and outsized vehicles and cargo. It also provides vehicles to help division elements needing supplemental transportation, including class V emergency unit distribution

The DISCOM MCO centrally controls division motor transport vehicle employment and coordinates priorities with the DTO. To the extent practicable, every transportation dispatch should serve two purposes. For example, trucks that transport supplies and personnel forward to supported units also, on the return trip, bring back damaged and captured equipment, salvage, and prisoners of war (PWs)

The TMT company is usually located close to the MSB headquarters near mainland LOCs. The TMT company's mission is to

Provide truck transportation to move supplies from the DSA to the BSA

Transport division reserve supplies for which the MSB is responsible

Furnish vehicles to assist division elements with requirements for supplemental transportation, including emergency unit distribution of class V supplies

The DTO plans and establishes movement priorities based on the division commander's overall mission priorities. The division G3 assigns motor transportation mission priorities for tactical support and the G4 for logistic support. The DTO is the staff's communications link for transportation between the division and the corps. The DTO gives the DISCOM MCO broad policy guidance and basic plans and policies. He also provides staff supervision and assistance in transportation matters concerning all modes of transport. The MCO controls motor transportation asset employment and allocated CSS air assets within the division. The DTO coordinates with the G3 and the division aviation officer to allocate division air assets. All users forward their transportation requirements within the division to the MCO. Transportation capabilities are then balanced against requirements and division-level priorities. When routine requirements exceed available division motor transport capabilities, the MCO requests additional transport support through a supporting MCT. The DTO will still request all required nondivisional air support and nonroutine motor transport requirements from the MCC )if a supporting MCT cannot meet requirements)

There must be close and continuous coordination between the MCO and the DISCOM S2/S3, the DTO, the MCC, the MCT, the FSB support operations section, and the provost marshal's office operations officer. The MCO is the link between the division transportation mode operators and the division transportation users

AIRLIFT RESUPPLY SUPPORT

Air resupply is accomplished using both air-land and airdrop. Although Army and Air Force assets are both used for these delivery methods, the Air Force performs most of the airdrop missions. The air-land delivery method is preferred because it does not require special airdrop equipment or rigging. The Army, however, furnishes the airdrop equipment and prepares the loads for airdrop missions. The request procedures for both airdrop and air-land resupply are the same. Airlift request procedures must be responsive and flexible to accommodate deliberate and rapidly changing situations. The planners must direct their efforts to optimally use scarce and vital airlift assets

The Air Force supplements the Army's transportation capability within a theater of operations. At each level of command, staff elements are designated to control and manage transportation asset use (motor, rail, and Army aviation) and to monitor Air Force airlift requirements. The corps transportation officer, under the corps G4's staff supervision, performs these critical transportation staff functions and integrates airlift requirements into the overall corps transportation requirements

The ACofS, Support Operations, Transportation Support Branch, chief, COSCOM, supervises the CMCC that, in turn, controls all CSS transportation movement activities in the corps sector. Transportation Support Branch personnel also validate airlift requests generated within the corps. The transportation requests are considered validated when forwarded through designated channels to the next command echelon for subsequent validation or to the transportation unit for execution. For reinforcement, the DTO in a division normally validates preplanned airlift requests while the G3 staff personnel validate immediate airlift requests. At corps, the MCC validates preplanned airlift requests. Coordinating or special staff agencies may receive authority to validate immediate requests to facilitate the request process

Tactical operations and special missions use preplanned airlift support when sufficient time is available to schedule necessary assets. Immediate requests result from unanticipated, urgent, or priority requirements. These requirements may be met by providing aircraft on a quick-reaction basis at designated locations, by diverting or canceling preplanned missions, or by generating a standing sortie. Therefore, an emergency airlift mission may use a preplanned airlift sortie; however, it would normally be filled by an immediate mission using the highest priority the theater commander establishes. Ground force requirements for airlift normally originate as requests for transportation or resupply support. The S3/G3 develops the requirements for airlift and coordinates its use when requesting airlift for tactical air movements. The S4/G4 processes the actual request for air transport to support the air movement through logistic channels.