9M331 Tor SA-15
Type:Surface -to- AirYear:1988Range (km):1- 12 Ceiling (km):0.01- 6Weight (kg):165 Lenght (m):3.5Speed (m/sec):850 (2.8 M)Type of seeker:-Weight of warhead:15 kgNumber of missiles:6
A high degree of battle performance automation, unique algorithms and introduction of artificial intellect elements into the system make it possible to detect targets and then switch to autotracking of the two most dangerous threats practically without the participation of operators. The combat vehicles of the Tor-M1 system can detect targets from 0 to 64 degrees, while the firing channels of each combat vehicle can engage targets from 0 to 70 degrees in elevation and even up to 90 degrees in case of diving PGWs.
Tor-M1, has no counterparts in other countries. According to Russian experts, this system can best meet the requirements of Gulf states. Above all, the Tor-M1 is intended to combat high-precision attack weapons which, should hostilities begin in the region, will most likely be used to destroy oil industry facilities. Tor is indispensable against cruise missiles, guided aerial bombs and low-flying terrain-following fire support helicopters.
Tor detects targets at a distance of 25 kilometers and kills them at a distance of 12 kilometers. In combating manned aviation, Tor is thrice and 1.5 times more efficient than foreign systems of the same class - France's Crotale and Britain's Rapier, respectively. These systems are unable to combat high-precision weapons. TOR-M1 AD MISSILE SYSTEM VERSUS HIGH-PRECISION WEAPONS
The Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant is one of the ANTEY Concern enterprises manufactured that over dozens of years computing devices, ground and on-board equipment for air defense systems, range finders, receiving radio systems, ERA equipment for tanks, the PYS reconnaissance radar and Osa air defense systems.
Currently, as in the past, the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant is the leading manufacturer of air defense assets. The use of state-of-the-art achievements in science and technology enabled it to produce new generation air defense missile system, designated, Tor-M1.
The Tor-M1 AD missile system stands out, owing to the ease of operation, an opportunity to create on its basis local automated defense systems, high efficiency in defeating cruise missiles, guided air bombs, gunship helicopters and aircraft of various modifications that can fly on extremely low altitudes and are hard to detect.
The industrial company, ANTEY Concern and state-run enterprise, Izhevsk Electro-
mechanical Plant, offer a family of the Tor-M1 AD missile systems to execute various tactical air defense tasks, including the most important one to effectively defeat high-precision weapons, front-line aviation aircraft and protect the environmentally dangerous facilities from air attacks.
The Tor-M1 world-wide known AD missile system protects troops on the march and on the battlefield. It is highly effective while fighting front-line aviation aircraft, including low vulnerable, highly maneuverable aircraft that can fly on extremely low altitudes.
The computer-aided assessment of the air situation, automatic selection of more dangerous targets, identification of their types and choice of the most reasonable modes of operation enable the Tor-M1 AD missile system to operate independently from target detection to its destruction. 
This AD missile system can engage two targets simultaneously and reliably operate in the ECM environment.
The family of the Tor-M1 AD missile systems:
- self-propelled version on a tracked chassis to cover mobile troop facilities that operate in combat formatio ns of mobile troop large units;
- wheeled chassis version to protect low-mobile troop facilities, command posts and areas of troop concentration;
- towed version to protect bridges and crossings, populated areas and vital civilian facilities.
The AD missile system assets are being improved to increase the combat efficiency and lowering costs to operate this system and ensure combat work.