الموضوع: the logistics
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قديم 29-06-09, 08:34 PM

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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS



The transportation planning process must be followed regardless of the type of transportation planning being done. First, determine what must be moved. Second, determine what transportation resources are available. Third, balance requirements against resources. Fourth, determine shortfalls and critical points and apply priorities. Fifth, and most important, coordinate the plan with all units affected. The transportation planner must determine what the units need and then attempt to develop a transportation network to satisfy those needs.



a. Determining requirements



Each requirement to move troops or supplies generates at least one requirement for transportation. Initial transportation requirements can be expressed in terms of tonnage (or numbers of personnel) and distance. In the later stages of planning, the tonnages become classes of supply or even distinct items



The transportation planner provides adequate transportation support for the operation. He estimates total requirements based on the supplies required to support the forces and distances involved. This estimate serves as a point of departure. It functions as a general check on whether the requirements the users submitted are realistic



Some requirements may be within the capability of transport organic to the requesting unit. The planner must determine the extent of such capabilities and urge their use



Special requirements will be generated when the corps includes an airborne or air assault division. These divisions have limited organic transport capabilities. Therefore, when committed to sustained ground combat operations, they will require significant, dedicated corps transportation



b. Determining resources. Resources are determined by assessing transportation resources and con-sidering





What types of transportation units are available.



Characteristics and capabilities of each mode of transport.



Capabilities of available civilian transport based on a facility survey, equipment inspection, and agreements negotiated with civilian transportation operators.



Capabilities of HN transport, both civil and military, based on a facility survey, equipment inspection, and agreements negotiated with the host nation




c. Balancing requirements and resources. Balancing requirements and resources is a process that determines if the transportation capability is adequate to meet the requirements. It also establishes the work load for each segment of the transportation service. This is the most time-consuming portion of the planning process



Providing complete transportation support requires considering factors other than the necessary operating units. The planner provides for adequate C2 by organizing units according to their missions, proposed locations, and area of coverage. He coordinates with other service planners to make certain their plans include the necessary capability to support the transportation units. He makes recommendations on the location of S&S units according to their transportation requirements



A composite statement of total transportation requirements speeds up the planning process. Each planner selects the format he finds most usable. One may use a chart listing all requirements showing origin, destination, required delivery date, weight, quantity, and class of supply for each shipment



The process of establishing work loads for each transport mode varies according to the phase of the operation. Usually, the plan for the initial phase should provide sufficient motor transport for all cargo and personnel movements. Though some priority items will move by air, this quantity will normally be only a small percentage of the total supplies



Work loads are computed individually for each transport mode according to the characteristics and capabilities of the operating units of that mode. The final plan, however, must combine the units and operations of all modes into a single, integrated transportation system



During actual operation, the theater commander allocates a portion of the available airlift to TA for its requirements. For planning purposes, however, air movement capacity is an assumption based on coordination with Army aviation and Air Force planners. This assumed capacity seldom exceeds the requirement for moving priority cargo. If there is an excess, planners should use it for nonprogrammed priority movements. Army transport aircraft capacity seldom exceeds the amount required for DS of combat operations. Therefore, there should be no plans for routine air movements of other than priority cargo



Rarely will a transportation plan extensively use inland waterways. In only a few areas of the world are there extensive inland waterway systems compatible with transportation requirements. Inland waterway systems are relatively vulnerable to enemy action and sabotage and are difficult to restore to usefulness



The planner must be certain to include all types of work loads. They may include successive, direct, and retrograde shipments of some cargo; ********ation for rehandling; requirements for rewarehousing; augmentation of units' transportation; assistance to the medical evacuation plan; and requirements to support allied and civilian organizations



d. Determining critical points, shortfalls, and priorities. Determining critical points along the proposed transportation system is done early in the planning process to identify points such as supply facilities, aerial and water ports, terminal transfer locations, and other points that may create bottlenecks. Accompanying this critical point determination is analyzing which alternative plans would alleviate possible bottlenecks. This builds flexibility into the system. Determining capabilities results in an assessment of the number of transportation units and their equipment available to support common-user movement requirements. Included in this assessment is the total number of HN transportation assets allocated, the number of third-country and US-contracted assets and reception materials handling, and in-transit storage capabilities. Balancing known or projected requirements against this assessment requires movement planning according to command priorities and the transportation priority or the shipment when capabilities fall short of meeting requirements. The remaining shortfall will be adjusted, and these adjustments will be coordinated with the shipper, receiver, materiel manager, and logistic staffs.


e. Coordinating among planners. Complete coordination among all planners is mandatory to ensure integrated support. Original guidance is seldom valid throughout the planning period. Therefore, constant coordination with the other staff planners on changes to the mission, commander's concepts, assumptions, intelligence, policies, priorities, allocations, locations of facilities, and other elements necessary to keep planning current is an absolute necessity

 

 


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